Firearm Suicide Among Veterans of the U.S. Military: A Systematic Review.

摘要: Introduction In the United States, firearm suicide represents a major cause of preventable, premature death among veterans. The purpose this systematic review was to characterize body literature on veteran and identify areas for future research, which may facilitate development interventions in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) non-Veterans clinical settings. Materials methods All randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, naturalistic, observational, case study designs published between January 1, 1990 February 21, 2019 were included our review. Following title abstract review, 65 papers full-text 37 studies analysis. We based approach modification Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis guidelines. Studies grouped into broad, nonmutually exclusive categories: (1) heterogeneity datasets status determination inclusion, (2) service histories, (3) ownership, storage, behaviors, risk perceptions, (4) patient clinician attitudes toward restriction interventions, (5) factors by population, (6) assessments interventions. Results This consists predominately cross-sectional with mixed definitions validation status, revealed high concordance increased compared nonveterans. have higher rates ownership than general primarily citing personal protection as reason gun ownership. often exhibit risky usage storage behaviors but tend favor measures that limit access firearms at-risk individuals. Despite this, there remains persistent hesitation clinicians screen counsel veterans safety. Conclusions highlights an urgent need produce quality evidence new data standard are critical inform practice enhance public health reduce