Flight Capacity of the Walnut Twig Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on a Laboratory Flight Mill

摘要: The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, and associated fungus Geosmithia morbida Kolařik, Freeland, Utley, & Tisserat constitute the insect-fungal complex that causes thousand cankers disease in walnut, Juglans spp., wingnut, Pterocarya spp. Thousand is responsible for decline of species throughout western United States more recently, eastern northern Italy. We examined flight capacity P. over 24-h trials on a mill laboratory. maximum total distance observed was ∼3.6 km 24 h; however, mean median distances flown by beetles initiated were ∼372 m ∼158 m, respectively. Beetles flew 34 min average within trial. Male female capacities similar, even though males larger than females (0.64 vs. 0.57 mm pronotal width). Age postemergence had no effect distance, time, or velocity. propensity to fly, decreased with age. integrated results fly as aged Monte Carlo simulation estimate dispersal 5 d, assuming mortality. Only 1% insects would be expected >2 km, whereas one-third estimated <100 m. These suggest nascent establishments remain relatively localized without anthropogenic transport wind-aided dispersal, which has implications management sampling this hardwood pest.