Physical forces and mechanical waves during tissue growth

摘要: Fundamental biological processes such as morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer invasion, depend on the collective migration of cell groups. The mechanisms that result in are not well understood, partially because physical forces initiate maintain remain largely unknown. These include traction forces, exerted by cells extracellular matrix, cell-cell transmitted between adjacent through junctions. While former have been studied, latter never measured context migration. objective this thesis has to study these integrate them order define biomechanical involved expansion an epithelial monolayer. is presented a compilation two articles. In first article, new method for measuring intra-and intercellular monolayer was reported. It shown tend align migrate direction maximal principal stress, demonstrating act guidance mechanism during second studied. A experimental model based barrier assay using polydimethylsiloxane membranes implemented, allowing controlled systematic manner. Structural morphological changes at level were observed cellular Furthermore, mechanical wave propagates slowly spanning entire monolayer, traversing junctions cooperative manner building up differentials stress. minimal sequential fronts cytoskeletal reinforcement fluidization captured essential features generation propagation. findings established long-range guidance, symmetry breaking pattern formation expansion.