Opportunities for power-to-Gas and Power-to-liquid in CO2-reduced energy scenarios: The Italian case

摘要: Abstract Integration of renewable energy in the electricity market poses significant challenges on power grid management due to volatility these sources. In fact, mismatch between generation and load curves, along with need for stability, may lead substantial curtailments when potential supply exceeds demand. this respect, surplus from energies can be conveniently exploited produce hydrogen via electrolysis. This concept referred as “Power-to-Gas” “Power-to-Liquid” synthetic gas liquid fuels are respectively produced syngas hydrogenation processes is rapidly emerging a promising measure support penetration, leading decarbonisation without affecting reliability. study evaluates impact Power-to-Gas Power-to-Liquid systems future CO2-reduced scenarios, characterised by increasing shares electric vehicles under holistic Smart Energy System perspective. Results show synergies among crucial sectors terms CO2 emissions, costs. Among proposed options, biomass gasification, subsequent hydrogenation, leads best techno-economic scenario reduction emission 30% negligible change yearly total