Muscle development in the grasshopper embryo

摘要: Abstract Much is known about the development of nerve pathways in metathoracic limb bud grasshopper embryo. In this series three papers, we report on muscles same embryonic appendage. a fourth paper (E. E. Ball, R. K. Ho, and C. S. Goodman, 1985, J. Neurosci., press) examine specific neuromuscular connections for one these (coxal muscle 133a). first paper, present an overview muscles, nerves, apodemes (tendons). We previously reported class large mesodermal cells, called pioneers (MPs), that arises early appears to act as scaffold developing guidance cue motoneuron growth cones ( 1983 , Nature (London) 301, 66–69). have used I-5 monoclonal antibody (which specifically labels MPs well pathways), HRP immunocytochemistry, Nomarski optics visualize muscle, nerve, apodeme from 27.5% (before appearance MPs) 55% (after attained their basic adult pattern). Cell fusions, cell migration, death all appear play important roles MPs. The patterns vary greatly, ranging (i) single simple only bundle fibers, e.g., coxal 133a), (ii) arrays complex [which many bundles fibers each with separate sites insertion, extensor tibiae (ETi) flexor (FlTi) femur].