The effect of genotype by environment interaction, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation on Pinus halepensis reforestation establishment under expected climate drifts

摘要: Abstract Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is becoming an important issue within the proactive adaptive silviculture oriented to global changes. However, there a considerable lack of information on how GEI and phenotypic plasticity may affect early establishment (survival growth) performance in many non-commercial forest species, such as Aleppo pine, key species semiarid restoration programs. The objectives this study were (1) evaluate adaptation broad context eleven pine seed sources regarding survival, height diameter growth after outplanting contrasting core marginal habitats representing core-to-dry cold-to-core drifts (2) compare efficiency joint regression Additive Main effect Multiplication Interaction (AMMI) models elucidating pattern these traits. Even though was low, more observed drift than dry drift. Specific extreme environments coupled with lower plasticity. Among traits, for survival opposite There also significant environment, genotype effects. AMMI revealed higher capabilities determining across environments. Specifically, performed better habitat conditions. Southern ‘Betica Septentrional’ ‘La Mancha’ suited environment. ‘Maestrazgo Los Serranos’ source grew under cooler local ‘Levante Interior’ generalist adapted both drifts. These results make contribution towards reforestation programs practical implications abiotic stress tolerance assisted population migration response climate change.