Edible ice in Jakarta, Indonesia, is contaminated with multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae with virulence potential

摘要: Consumption of street food is considered a major health risk in the absence public-health inspection programmes Indonesia. It hypothesized that ice used could be one sources Vibrio cholerae contamination. This study documented V. contamination edible from different areas Jakarta, capital city Indonesia, and attempted to characterize virulence potential strains. A selective medium was isolate 98 strains their identity confirmed using biochemical assays. Serological tests classified majority (78%) non-O1 serogroup. Multiplex PCR detect presence genes, namely ctxA, ompU, tcpA, ace, zot toxR. The toxR, ompU genes were detected 75, 26, 15 1% isolates, respectively. ace tcpA not any isolates. ctxA gene encoding cholera toxin subunit A, which has been associated only with clinical O1, here present both serogroups. antibiotic-resistance profile showed 65, 60, 52, 39, 37, 19 3% isolates resistant ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, erythromycin, tetracycline ciprofloxacin, large proportion came west south these exhibited multidrug resistance tetracycline, kanamycin sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Many Jakarta also harboured regulator, ctxA. multidrug-resistant ice, cause severe outbreak, reflects poor water quality indicates an urgent need for better surveillance management.