Host-range testing, introduction, and establishment of Cydia succedana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for biological control of gorse, Ulex europaeus L., in New Zealand

摘要: Abstract Cydia succedana Denis and Schiffermuller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) has been introduced to New Zealand as a biological control agent attack the seeds of gorse ( Ulex europaeus ; Fabaceae). Gorse is major weed in other temperate parts world including Oregon California (USA), at high elevations Hawaii Chile, Australia. This paper describes host-range tests conducted assess risk that C. posed nontarget plants, gain approval for introduction this moth into Zealand. The release establishment are recorded. First-instar larvae transferred onto excised pods 39 leguminous test plants completed development on controls (40.0%), Pisum sativum (7.2 8.0%), rare native species Clianthus puniceus (10.0%). Larvae also fed Lens culinaris Sophora spp. but none development. Excised shoots bearing flowers 33 were exposed female moths small cages. No eggs laid 17 species. Oviposition 16 never exceeded 10% controls. Eggs microphylla , not P. or L. . Tests larger cages outdoors using whole Moths more selective arena. occasional S. both “choice” “no-choice” tests. Behavioral observations suggested tend actively seek out preference It was concluded no significant threat spp., any with economic environmental value released 1992, since then distributed 134 sites established 78% have adequately assessed. There appears be geographic pattern, may establish wherever occurs. potential effect population dynamics discussed. Introduction Australia being considered.