Life cycle costing of waste management systems: overview, calculation principles and case studies.

摘要: Abstract This paper provides a detailed and comprehensive cost model for the economic assessment of solid waste management systems. The was based on principles Life Cycle Costing (LCC) followed bottom-up calculation approach providing items all key technologies within modern All were defined per tonne input, each item technology characterised by both technical an parameter (for example amount fuel related to collection), ensure transparency, applicability reproducibility. Cost classified as: (1) budget costs, (2) transfers taxes, subsidies fees) (3) externality costs damage or abatement emissions disamenities). Technology obtained as sum (of same type) specific technology, while scenario involved in scenario. allows completion three types LCC: Conventional LCC, financial Environmental whose results are complemented Assessment (LCA) system, Societal socio-economic assessments. LCCs includes transfers, costs. Critical aspects found existing literature regarding management, namely system boundary equivalency, accounting temporally distributed impacts, inclusions internalisation environmental impacts coverage shadow prices, there also significant confusion terminology. presented implemented two case study scenarios assessing source segregation organic from 100,000 Danish households subsequent co-digestion with animal manure. Overall, resulted higher than alternative incinerating residual waste: 1.6 M€/year, which 0.9 M€/year extra bins bags used households, 1.0 M€/year collections −0.3 M€/year saved incineration.