Security of CCTV and Video Surveillance Systems: Threats, Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Mitigations

摘要: Video surveillance, closed-circuit TV and IP-camera systems became virtually omnipresent indispensable for many organizations, businesses, users. Their main purpose is to provide physical security, increase safety, prevent crime. They also increasingly complex, comprising communication means, embedded hardware non-trivial firmware. However, most research date focused mainly on the privacy aspects of such systems, did not fully address their issues related cyber-security in general, visual layer (i.e., imagery semantics) attacks particular. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review existing novel threats video based publicly available data. The insights can then be used better understand identify security risks associated with development, deployment use these systems. We study threats, along or possible countermeasures, summarize knowledge into comprehensive table that practical way as checklist when assessing level new CCTV designs deployments. set recommendations mitigations help improve levels provided by hardware, firmware, network communications operation surveillance hope findings paper will valuable threat landscape are exposed to, well promote further widen scope field beyond its current boundaries.