Dwellers and Trespassers: Mononuclear Phagocytes at the Borders of the Central Nervous System

摘要: The central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma is enclosed and protected by a multilayered of cellular acellular barriers, functionally separating glia neurons from peripheral circulation blood-borne immune cells. Populating these borders as dynamic observers, CNS-resident macrophages contribute to organ homeostasis. Upon autoimmune, traumatic or neurodegenerative inflammation, phagocytes start playing additional roles regulators contributing disease evolution. At the same time, pathological CNS conditions drive migration recruitment monocyte-derived cells across distinct local gateways. This invasion process drastically increases border complexity can lead parenchymal infiltration direct role both in damage tissue repair. While recent studies technical advancements have highlighted extreme heterogeneity resident CNS-invading cells, compartment-specific mechanism functional specification intruding remain unclear. review illustrates mononuclear at interfaces, indicating how further dynamics are crucially needed shed light on systemic regulation functions dysfunctions.