It is time for top-down venomics.

摘要: The protein composition of animal venoms is usually determined by peptide-centric proteomics approaches (bottom-up proteomics). However, this technique cannot, in most cases, distinguish among toxin proteoforms, herein called toxiforms, because the inference problem. Top-down (TDP) analyzes intact proteins without digestion and provides high quality data to identify characterize toxiforms. Denaturing top-down disseminated subarea TDP, which performs qualitative quantitative proteoforms up ~30 kDa high-throughput automated fashion. On other hand, native access information on large (> 50 kDA) interactions preserving non-covalent bonds physiological complex stoichiometry. use denaturing venomics introduced novel useful techniques toxinology, allowing an unprecedented characterization venom complexes at toxiform level. collected contribute a deep understanding natural history, open new possibilities study evolution, help development better biotherapeutics.