Comprehensive review on wastewater discharged from the coal-related industries – characteristics and treatment strategies

摘要: Wastewaters discharged from various coal-related activities deteriorate fresh water quality and inflict possibilities of groundwater contamination. Their characteristics mostly depend on the parent coal properties, though some pollutants are cyanide, thiocyanate, ammonia, phenol, heavy metals suspended solids. This paper has reviewed treatment techniques along with all such kinds wastewater also identified challenges future perspectives. Primarily, demineralization can attenuate control release in wastewaters if implemented successfully. Mine non-lignite mines be purified using simple techniques, for its reutilization. Acidic mine leachates treated passive bioreactors microbial activity, different organic substrates limestone drains. Additionally bio-electrochemical systems, membranes, macrocapsules, zeolite filters, ores, physical barriers, aquatic plants used at stages. Coal washery natural coagulants obtained plant extracts conventional coagulants. Nitrification denitrification bacteria fixed reactors activated carbon zero-valent iron treat coke oven wastewater. Some other sophisticated vacuum distillation, super critical oxidation, nanofiltration reverse osmosis. Practical use these methods, wisely an integrated way, reduce freshwater consumption.