Magnetic Helicity Injection by Horizontal Flows in the Quiet Sun. I. Mutual-Helicity Flux

摘要: The flux of magnetic helicity through the solar photosphere has implications in diverse areas current research, including dynamo modeling and coronal heating. In this work, we focus on from quiet-Sun fields. We express total terms mutual self-helicities, which arise relative motions separate elements internal within individual elements, respectively. Using a novel labeling algorithm tracking applied to high-cadence, high-resolution Solar Heliospheric Observatory Michelson Doppler Imager magnetograms, determine observed mutual-helicity density quiet Sun be ~5 × 1012 Mx2 cm-2 s-1 compare value with simple theoretical prediction. rate corresponds whole-cycle, hemispheric ~1043 Sun, meaning that injection by surface fields is negligible compared active region rate.