Impact of Systemic Venous Congestion in Heart Failure

摘要: Systemic venous congestion is one of the hallmarks syndrome heart failure that results from activation different deleterious neurohormonal pathways. Apart contributing to patients' symptoms and hospital admissions, growing evidence suggests itself drives further progression. In addition, systemic exerts detrimental effects on other organs (such as kidneys liver) due ineffective organ perfusion. Endothelial cell activation, altered ventricular geometry, functional mitral insufficiency are among proposed mechanisms. Diuretics vasodilators remain mainstay treatment options, mostly because poor understanding underlying cardiorenal mechanisms involved. Recently, ultrafiltration has emerged an invasive option in setting diuretic resistance. Congestion ideally should be prevented, often initially through water salt restriction. Early detection, possibly with help novel implantable sensor technology, may allow for early detection intervention long before overt established.