Regionalized terrestrial ecotoxicity assessment of copper-based fungicides applied in viticulture.

摘要: Life cycle assessment has been recognized as an important decision-making tool to improve the environmental performance of agricultural systems. Still, there are certain modelling issues related their impacts. The first is linked metal terrestrial ecotoxicity impact, for which speciation in soil disregarded. In fact, emissions metals systems contribute significantly ecotoxic do copper-based fungicides applied viticulture combat downy mildew. Another issue ways intrinsic geographical variability agriculture resulting from variation management practices, properties, and climate addressed. aim this study assess spatial impact European vineyards, accounting both terms practice copper soil. This entails development regionalized characterization factors (CFs) used then application these CFs a life-cycle inventory that considers different climates regions, namely Languedoc-Roussillon (France), Minho (Portugal), Tuscany (Italy), Galicia (Spain). There two alternatives determine ecotoxicity: (a) empirical regression models; (b) WHAM 6.0, geochemical model according properties Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Both approaches were compute compare with each other current IMPACT 2002+ CF. aggregated at resolutions—global, Europe, country, wine-growing region—to uncertainty scales case study. global CF computed around 3.5 orders magnitude lower than one 2002+, demonstrating including speciation. For methods, increase resolution translated into decrease CFs. With exception Portugal (Minho) country level, all derived models greater ones method based on 6.0 within range 0.2 1.2 magnitude. Furthermore, calculated exhibited respect 6.0. ranking scores analyzed scenarios was mainly determined by amount region. However, finer resolutions led score uncertainty.