Current strategies and opportunities to manufacture cells for modeling human lungs.

摘要: Chronic lung diseases remain major healthcare burdens, for which the only curative treatment is transplantation. In vitro human models are promising platforms identifying and testing novel compounds to potentially decrease this burden. Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells an important strategy generate create such models. Current directed protocols limited as they do not 1) recapitulate diversity respiratory epithelium, 2) consistent or sufficient cell numbers drug discovery platforms, 3) establish histologic tissue-level organization critical modeling function. review, we describe how development has formed basis protocols, discuss utility available epithelial generation development. We further highlight tissue engineering strategies manipulating biophysical signals during that future can both chemical physical cues present