Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review.

摘要: Wild animals are the source of many pathogens livestock and humans. Concerns about potential transmission economically important zoonotic diseases from wildlife have led to increased surveillance at livestock-wildlife interface. Knowledge types, frequency duration contacts between is necessary identify risk factors for disease design possible mitigation strategies. Observing behaviour species challenging due their cryptic nature avoidance humans, meaning there relatively few studies in this area. Further, a consensus on definition what constitutes 'contact' lacking. A systematic review was conducted investigate which been studied why, as well methods used observe each species. Over 30,000 publications were screened, 122 fulfilled specific criteria inclusion analysis. The majority examined cattle with badgers or deer; involving wild pig domestic pigs next most frequent. There range observational including motion-activated cameras global positioning system collars. As result wide variation lack definitions direct indirect contacts, we developed unified framework define that sufficiently flexible be applied non-vector-borne diseases. We hope will help standardise collection reporting contact data; valuable step towards being able compare efficacy wildlife-livestock observation methods. In doing so, it may aid development better models improve effectiveness interventions reduce prevent transmission.