Genetic footprints of adaptive divergence in the bracovirus of Cotesia sesamiae identified by targeted resequencing

摘要: The African parasitoid wasp Cotesia sesamiae is a generalist species structured in locally adapted populations showing differences host range. recent discovery of typhae, specialist, sister to C. sesamiae, provides good framework study the genetic determinants To investigate genomic bases divergence between these and species, we used targeted sequencing approach on 24 samples. We bracovirus region encoding virulence genes involved interaction with lepidopteran hosts wasps. High coverage was obtained for all samples, allowing variation species. By combining population estimations, such as nucleotide diversity (π), relative differentiation (FST ) absolute (dxy ), branch-site dN/dS measures, identified six 98 significant evidence positive selection. These genes, belonging different gene families, are potentially adaptation specialization process. Fine-scale analyses also revealed mutations large deletions certain inducing pseudogenization loss function. image emerging from results that mediated by happens through selection particularly adaptive alleles nonadaptive genes. highlight central role molecular interactions wasps their evolutionary processes specialization.