Heterogeneity and Exchange: Safe-Conducts in Medieval Spain

摘要: During a time when religious animosities were reaching their peak in Medieval Europe leading up to the violent crusades, Christians, Jews, and Muslims residing close proximity Spain experienced period of relative peace, prosperity, cultural exchange. This historical episode, referred as La Convivencia, or coexistence, is puzzle many historians. paper argues that this anomalistic arose due emergence commerce, which generated cooperation mitigated conflict among these heterogeneous groups, la Doux-Commerce Thesis Scottish Enlightenment. Commercial exchange between was established through use safe-conducts, promise protection sold foreign merchants. details operation safe-conducts civilizing role commerce played Spain.