Disorders of the Respiratory System in Pet and Ornamental Fish

摘要: The respiratory organ of fish is the gill. In addition to respiration, gills also perform functions acid-base regulation, osmoregulation, and excretion nitrogenous compounds. Because their intimate association with environment, are often primary target pollutants, poor water quality, infectious disease agents, noninfectious problems, making examination essential complete sick individual populations. degree response gill tissue depends on type, severity, injury functional changes will precede morphologic changes. Antemortem tests quality testing can, should, be performed clinically affected whenever possible.