Marine Toxins and Nociception: Potential Therapeutic Use in the Treatment of Visceral Pain Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders.

摘要: Visceral pain, of which the pathogenic basis is currently largely unknown, a hallmark symptom both functional disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory disease. Intrinsic sensory neurons in enteric nervous system afferent dorsal root ganglia, connecting with central system, represent primary neuronal pathways transducing gut visceral pain. Current pharmacological therapies have several limitations, owing to their partial efficacy generation severe adverse effects. Numerous cellular targets nociception been recognized, including, among others, channels (i.e., voltage-gated sodium channels, VGSCs, calcium VGCCs, Transient Receptor Potential, TRP, Acid-sensing ion ASICs) neurotransmitter GABAergic pathways), attractive for discovery novel drugs. Natural biologically active compounds, marine toxins, able bind high affinity selectivity different pain molecular mediators, may useful tool (1) improve our knowledge physiological pathological relevance each nociceptive target, (2) discover therapeutically valuable molecules. In this review we report most recent literature describing effects toxin on gastrointestinal possible clinical implications treatment chronic associated diseases.