The plasticity of inflammatory monocyte responses to the inflamed central nervous system

摘要: Over the last three decades it has become increasingly clear that monocytes, originally thought to have fixed, stereotypic responses foreign stimuli, mediate exquisitely balanced protective and pathogenic roles in disease immunity. This balance is crucial core functional organs, such as central nervous system (CNS), where minor changes neuronal microenvironments production of immune factors can result significant with fatal consequences or permanent neurological sequelae. Viral encephalitis multiple sclerosis are examples important human diseases which contribution monocytes recruited from bone marrow plays a critical role clinical expression disease, they differentiate into macrophage dendritic cells CNS carry out effector functions. While antigen-specific lymphocyte populations adaptive response both cases, viral prominent infiltration may immunopathological damage, seizure induction, death. However, autoimmune non-replicating, non-infectious, but abundant, self antigen different progression, associated differentiation numbers infiltrating CNS. Whilst predominant presence macrophages inflamed well described, way mobilizes migrate key drivers lead these specific pathways vivo not understood. Here we review current understanding facilitating inflammatory monocyte generation, migration entry brain, their towards relation respective outcomes.