Calcium channel blockers in cardiac failure

摘要: Congestive cardiac failure is an increasingly prevalent syndrome associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The role of calcium channel blockers in the treatment heart unclear. potential benefits these agents derive not only from their vasodilator properties, but also anti-ischemic effects, beneficial effects on endothelial function development atherosclerosis, favorable cycling at molecular level. Pitted against this array are direct negative inotropic for neuroendocrine activation. Treatment short-acting dihydropyridine has resulted long-term clinical patients failure. Diltiazem may be nonischemic failure, verapamil neutral effect although it have combination ace inhibition. To date, amlodipine been most promising results, evidence mortality benefit Mibefradil no management trend toward increased arm Mortality Assessment Heart Failure (MACH)-1 trial due to drug interactions. diastolic dysfunction ace-inhibition requires further study.