Lower and Middle Devonian Faunal Provinces based on Brachiopoda

摘要: Abstract Silurian brachiopod faunas, which were relatively cosmopolitan, gave way to mildly provincial faunas in the Early Gedinnian. During Late Gedinnian (New Scotland) time provinciality first became marked so that distinct assemblages characterize Appalachian Province from Gaspe northern Mexico. In Eurasia and southeastern Australia was characterized by forms define an Old World Province, contrast is at generic level a larger number of typically holdovers. Endemic sufficient Tasman Subprovince Province. Siegenian increased with addition Rhenish facies (Rhenish-Bohemian Subprovince) parts Gaspe, Nova Scotia, North Africa, central Europe. The Bohemian more widespread included east-central Europe, Asia, Africa. Uralian region emergence Karpinskia as endemic form signaled beginning for fauna otherwise closely related Rhenish-Bohemian Subprovince. Boundaries Provinces remained stable except Nevada experienced great influx typical after earliest expense previously established assemblage. A few genera migrated Asia via circum-north Pacific route. Emsian marine deposition widespread, but Malvinokaffric includes southern South America, Antarctica. Southeastern Australia, New Zealand, constitute separate subprovinces influence ceased new appeared joined again characteristic — mixture characterizing Cordilleran Emsian, Eifelian, Givetian brachiopods maintained its identity until Devonian.