The price of federalism

摘要: What is the price of federalism? Does it result in governmental interconnections that are too complex? create overlapping responsibilities? perpetuate social inequalities? stifle economic growth? To answer these questions, Paul Peterson sets forth two theories federalism: functional and legislative. Functional theory optimistic. It says each level federal system well designed to carry out tasks for which mainly responsible. State local governments assume responsibility their area's physical development; national government cares needy reduces inequities. Legislative theory, contrast, pessimistic: political leaders, responding electoral pressures, misuse power. They shift unpopular burdens lower levels while spending dollars on popular programs they can claim credit. Both used explain different aspects American federalism. explains why grants have never been equalize public services. Elected officials cannot easily justify constituents a vote funds away from geographic area represent. The overall direction federalism has taken recent years better explained by theory. As costs transportation communication declined, labor capital become increasingly mobile, placing states localities greater competition with one another. changes overlooking needs poor, focusing instead development. further consequence, older, big cities Rust Belt, inefficient operations burdened responsibilities, losing jobs population suburban communities surround them. recommends adopt policies take into account realities identified should give most transportation, education, crime control, other basic programs. Welfare, food stamps, delivery medical services, primary government.