Histological alterations induced by electrode implantation and electrical stimulation in the human brain: a review.

摘要: Objectives.  Electrical brain stimulation is used as a treatment for patients with intractable chronic pain and movement disorders. However, the implantation of electrodes electrical may induce histological changes around electrode tip. We aimed to review in humans that were electrically stimulated brain. Methods.  traced 26 autopsy studies which 19 received cerebellar 37 deep stimulation. Results.  Electrode induced part cases formation fibrous sheath electrode, loss fairly large neurons, limited gliosis. Macroscopic lesions present only some cases, mostly due pulling at extension cable postoperative evaluation period preceding definite wire stimulator. Conclusions.  induces patients. According animals, these can be related charge density per phase (and their interaction).