Clinical features of patients with blepharospasm: a report of 240 patients

摘要: Background and purpose:To characterize patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) by diagnosis, environmental risk factors, family history. Methods:Two hundred forty BEB were evaluated through a clinical examination questionnaire. The questionnaire reviewed personal medical history, demographic factors for the development of history dystonia other neurological conditions. Results:Benign was more commonly found in women (2.8:1) 93% Caucasian. Fifty percent had pure BEB, 31% BEB/Meige!s syndrome, 4% eyelid opening apraxia (+/)Meige!s syndrome). A minority reported preceding photophobia (25%) or eye conditions (22%). majority non-smokers, no exposure to anti-emetic antipsychotic agents, normal birth head trauma. Seventy-two did report stressful event immediately prior symptoms. Treatments included botulinum toxin (BoNT), oral medications, surgical procedures, acupuncture. Thirty-two focal dystonia, most reported. Conclusion:This study confirms previous reports usual age, sex, ca!eine tobacco use, blepharospasm. New findings include on occupation, lower photophobia, higher events. Further, this shows change treatment an increase BoNT use decrease procedures.