Counting the cost of carbon in bioenergy systems: sources of variation and hidden pitfalls when comparing life cycle assessments

摘要: Energy from biomass is renewable and capable of providing heat, power or liquid fuels. Life cycle assessments these fuels have often shown positive energy balances GHG savings, relative to fossil There are, however, large variations between studies not all are positive, leading recent reports questioning the long-term sustainability bioenergy. Using a systematic review life relevant feedstocks grown in temperate climate (three for heat eight biofuels) we defined sources variation, highlighting areas uncertainty priorities future research. In addition, explored challenges comparing bioenergy biofuels production chains their fuel equivalents demonstrated how this can be done fair consistent manner.