Autorefraction, Retinoscopy, Javal’s Rule, and Grosvenor’s Modified Javal’s Rule: The Best Predictor of Refractive Astigmatism

摘要: The aim of the study was to determine level agreement between Javal’s rule, autorefraction, retinoscopy, and refractive astigmatism which technique is most suitable substitute when subjective refraction not applicable using a clinical sample. A total 36 subjects, 14 males 22 females, were involved in this study. intraclass correlation coefficients refraction, retinoscopy 0.895 0.989, respectively, for spherical equivalent. Bland-Altman 95% limits autorefraction; retinoscopy; autorefraction −2.84 3.58, −0.88 1.12, −3.01 3.53, spectacle following techniques as follows: (0.85); (0.92); rule (0.82); Grosvenor et al. version (0.85). rule; −0.87 1.25, −1.49 1.99, −0.73 1.93, −0.89 1.7, astigmatism. showed that may provide starting point cylinder power determination but only satisfactorily replace applicable.