Analysis of subprotonospheric whistlers observed by DEMETER: A case study

摘要: [1] Subprotonospheric (SP) whistlers consist of a series low-dispersion components that result from repeated reflections between the base ionosphere and altitudes up to ∼1000 km. We have used wave-normal angles plasma characteristics measured by DEMETER microsatellite as an input for three-dimensional ray tracing technique. For several SP we also succeeded in finding causative lightning located at relatively large distances satellite footprint along geomagnetic field line. show formation take place owing oblique propagation, with respect magnetic field, waveguide formed profile increasing lower hybrid resonance frequency upper ionosphere. observed propagation across meridian planes. conclude individual whistler propagate different raypaths. The reflected enter experience spread during this entry. Depending on initial angle, these waves undergo number before reaching satellite, thus arriving time delays. However, first component is entering small angles. These do not reflect above but opposite hemisphere.