The Pure Theory of Spatial Markets

摘要: Spatial phenomena which had been topics in theoretical Geography and Location Economics were seen as common objects the new Regional Science of 1950s. A point crystallization was notion spatial markets going back to Wilhelm Launhardt (1886), who perceived them, market (and supply) areas. Market areas are territories a given firm is nearest ceteris paribus cheapest hence exclusive supplier. This essay develops systematic theory markets. It thus an expository, drawing on previous work T.C. Koopmans, Martin Beckmann others “efficient allocation” school. The underlying theme familiar one showing how prices (indexed by location) obtained competitive can guide allocation resources space, deviations from this optimum that occur under various types institutions. While backward looking, still provide organizing framework our contemporary interest innovation. When buyer seller not same place, distance intervenes transaction costs for transportation and/or communication arise, ordinary no longer applies, e.g., “law single price” violated. We then, faced with actually among oldest subjects treated location theory. In Von Thunen’s “Isolated State” land use, production sales metropolitan investigated functions (Von Thunen 1826). Launhardt’s grounded sets territory surrounding or localized industry (Launhardt 1886). paper we offer modern perspective perfect competition. exclude price policies monopoly, have rich literature their own (Greenhut Ohta 1975; 1976). strategies oligopolists aimed at defence penetration areas, pricing confounded locational choice also beyond scope paper. pure considers only those questions exist when locations given. essence, it without choice.