Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3

摘要: Most countries show a relative decoupling of economic growth from domestic resource use, implying increased efficiency. However, international trade facilitates the exchange of products between regions with disparate productivity. Hence, for an understanding of efficiency consumption perspective that takes into account the impacts in upstream supply chains, there is need to assess environmental pressures embodied trade. We use EXIOBASE3, new multiregional input-output database, to examine rate increase efficiency, and investigate ways which international contributes displacement pressures on environment from the population. look at energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material use, water land use. Material stands out as only indicator growing both absolute terms population and gross product (GDP), while showing decoupling from references. Energy, GHG, decoupling. As a percentage total global pressure, we calculate net impact displaced through rising 23% 32% (1995?2011), 26% water use, 20% 29% 19% 24% GHG emissions. The results substantial disparity trade-related impacts Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD) non-OECD countries. At group level, observe most rapid footprints in clothing footwear. analysis points implications future policies aiming to achieve targets, fully considering potential effects through international