RECLAIMing Air, Redefining Democracy : : A History of the Regional Clean Air Incentives Market, Environmental Justice, and Risk, 1960 - present

摘要: Depending on whom you ask, the Regional Clean Air Incentive Market (RECLAIM), nation's first regional smog market, is either a revolutionary approach to cleaning air of South Coast Basin, most polluted region in country, or failed social experiment that put interests business and marketplace above public health. In its original iteration, RECLAIM rules were intended produce emissions reductions consistent with command-and-control compliance embodied an Quality Management Plan, but greater efficiency, effectiveness, flexibility - goal large part met. ideal application trading, welfare economic growth should have been jointly protected, previous studies focused normative implications program, condemning suspected environmental injustices praising efficiency without exploring significant historical roots market-based solutions. A closer look at these reveals ways which actually succeeded improving quality through difficult compromises negotiations by regulators, activists, politicians, businesses. This dissertation recounts this fuller history. It about history mechanisms control pollution Southern California, and, broader sense, neoliberalism process neoliberalising nature. traces American laws from 1960s present finds symbiotic relationship between federal state governing bodies led establishment RECLAIM. The told here shows development was not wholly neoliberal, imposed intentionally policymakers, venture capitalists, academics neoliberal agenda. What emerged out archives newspapers story organic evolution markets address shaped both political processes academic/ theoretical arguments find compromise demands for clean air, concern growth, industry pushback against regulation. thus argues United States policies govern nature are outcomes struggles balance societal values (like air) political, economic, scientific realities