Regulation of blood flow in the microcirculation: role of conducted vasodilation

摘要: This review is concerned with understanding how vasodilation initiated from local sites in the tissue can spread to encompass multiple branches of resistance vasculature. Within tissues, arteriolar networks control distribution and magnitude capillary perfusion. Vasodilation arising microcirculation ‘ascend’ into feed arteries that blood flow networks. Thus distal segments network signal proximal dilate thereby increase total oxygen supply parenchymal cells. August Krogh proposed innervation capillaries provided mechanism for a spreading vasodilatory response. With greater ultrastructural organization networks, an alternative explanation has emerged: Electrical signaling cell along vessel wall through gap junctions. Hyperpolarization originates ion channel activation at site stimulation endothelium serving as predominant cellular pathway conduction wall. As hyperpolarization travels, it transmitted surrounding smooth muscle cells myoendothelial coupling promote relaxation. Conducted encompasses distances than be explained by passive decay such behavior focus current research efforts. In context athletic performance, ability ascend essential achieving peak levels flow. tempered sympathetic neuroeffector when governing rest during exercise. Impairment aging diseased states limit physical work capacity restricting