Cytoplasmic and nuclear cytokine receptor complexes.

摘要: Much of our understanding on how hormones and cytokines transmit their message into the cell is based receptor activation at plasma membrane. Many experimental in vitro models have established paradigm for cytokine action upon such surface receptor. The signaling from membrane activated driven to nucleus by a rapid ricochet protein phosphorylation, ultimately integrated as differentiative, proliferative, or transcriptional message. Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers activators transcription (STAT) pathway that was first thought be specific now appears other noncytokine receptors. Also, evidence accumulating showing modulate signal transduction machinery tyrosine receptors heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein-coupled Thus has become much more complex than originally hypothesized, challenging model specificity given cytokine. This review focused another level complexity emerging within superfamily signaling. Over past 10 years, data different laboratories shown localize intracellular compartments including nucleus, and, some cases, biological responses been correlated with this unexpected location, raising pos-sibility act own messenger through inter-actions nuclear proteins. Thus, interplay between engagement cellular turns out dynamic suspected. mechanisms regu-lations translocation cytokines, receptors, proteins are discussed context compartmentalization provides mediated each