A test of the radiative energy balance of the SHAW model for snowcover

摘要: Snow and ice present interesting challenges to hydrologists. Simulating the radiative balance over snow, which is an important part of surface-atmosphere interactions, particularly challenging because decay in albedo time difficulty estimating surface temperature incoming long-wave radiation fluxes. Few models are available that include a comprehensive energy water for cold season conditions. The simultaneous heat model (SHAW) detailed, physical process vertical, one-dimensional canopy-snow-residue-soil system integrates detailed physics transfer through plant canopy, residue soil into one solution. Detailed provisions metamorphosis snowpack included. SHAW was applied data winter/spring (November May) on ploughed field Minnesota without prior calibration test performance components. Maximum snow depth during this period 30 cm. For nearly 100 days snowcover, accounted 69% variation net solar radiation, 66% 87% emitted 26% 55% balance. Mean absolute error simulated values ranged from 10 W m -2 27 entire bias 8 -16 When 170 simulation, included periods were analysis, observed increased greatly. As result, by 97, 71, 93, 56 94%, respectively, while mean errors remained same. Model modifications parameter adjustments necessary improve winter-time simulation investigated. Simulation results suggest may be useful tool simulating interactive influences at interface.