Hydraulic Stream Ecology: Observed Patterns and Potential Applications

摘要: Although it is well known that metabolism, feeding, and behaviour of lotic organisms influenced by various flow characteristics, hydraulic variables usually are not accurately measured in ecology studies. Using an approach we call "hydraulic stream ecology", link organismic responses to a more comprehensive treatment the physical environment. Since unified analytical solution for all important running waters does exist at moment, advocate simpler view system. We demonstrate methods estimating complex key like turbulence free flow, close bottom, force prevailing bottom. Calculations these characteristics require measurement simple mean velocity, water surface slope, depth, bottom roughness, kinematic viscosity, density water. The environment shows characteristic patterns within whole c...