OVERWATER STRUCTURES: MARINE ISSUES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

摘要: This paper synthesizes 30 years of literature documenting the potential effects specific overwater structures pose to important estuarine and nearshore marine habitats for juvenile salmon other fishes in Pacific Northwest. While fish shellfish species discussed are known specifically use habitats, impacts at broader scale ecosystem were also examined. Overwater have been proved mortality fitness risks these animals their ecosystems. Mechanisms impact characterized as changes light, wave energy, substrate regimes. Modifications regimes by construction of, presence operations around found produce significantly different distributions invertebrates, fishes, plants under-dock environments than adjacent non-shaded vegetated habitats. Effects light limitation (shading) from on migratory organisms such 1) behavioral barriers that can deflect or delay migration; 2) reduced prey resource production availability (i.e., "carrying capacity"); 3) altered predator-prey relationships associated with high intensity night lighting alterations nighttime ambient regime. identifies visual thresholds salmonids fishes. Empirical findings indicate cumulative significant energy patterns types. Given what is concerning biota shoreline geomorphology (drift cell) processes determining those substrates, basic unit measurement establishing change identify structure likely related drift cell characteristics scale. At this time, not established; however, it concluded needed avoid mitigate effects. Further studies recommended determine plant animal nature extent direct