作者: Fadi N. Joudi , Curtis N. Crane , Michael A. O’Donnell
DOI: 10.1007/S11934-006-0034-9
关键词: Percutaneous 、 Transitional cell carcinoma 、 Nephrology 、 Surgery 、 Immunotherapy 、 Carcinoma in situ 、 Medicine 、 Adjuvant therapy 、 Adjuvant 、 Internal medicine 、 Therapeutic Procedure
摘要: Recently published studies that evaluated minimally invasive treatments for upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) were reviewed, including adjuvant topical therapy. Ureteroscopic management remains the initial diagnostic and possibly therapeutic procedure of choice. Percutaneous is used to treat bulky tumors or cannot be accessed ureteroscopically. Low-grade UTUC in appropriately selected patients can safely effectively treated endoscopically. High-grade disease tends fail, regardless treatment modality, warrants aggressive Adjuvant therapy seems safe, although its efficacy debatable. Immunotherapy appears most effective with carcinoma situ.