Maximum realised lifetime parasitism and occurrence of time limitation in Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) foraging in citrus orchards

摘要: The relationship between body size (hind tibia length), <12 h egg load, wing wear and parasitoid age was used to estimate realised lifetime parasitism of recently dead Gonatocerus ashmeadi collected in a citrus orchard. Under prevailing field conditions methodology assumptions, it estimated that female G. lived on average for 183 ± 17 degree-days, parasitised total 87 9 Homalodisca vitripennis eggs, died with 34 5 eggs remaining the ovaries. Only 17% no mature suggesting 83% were not limited at time death. Estimates under July August southern California orchard indicated year had significant effect reproductive output. Additionally, live captured daily during June through 2006 size, load recorded detect possible monthly changes ...