Metal-Dependent DNAzymes for the Quantitative Detection of Metal Ions in Living Cells: Recent Progress, Current Challenges, and Latest Results on FRET Ratiometric Sensors.

摘要: Many different metal ions are involved in various biological functions including metallomics and trafficking, yet there currently effective sensors for only a few ions, despite the first report of calcium more than 40 years ago. To expand upon number that can be probed systems, we other laboratories employ vitro selection method to obtain metal-specific DNAzymes with high specificity ion then convert these into fluorescent using catalytic beacon approach. In this Forum Article, summarize recent progress made developing DNAzyme probe living cells vivo, several challenges were able overcome application, such as delivery, spatiotemporal control, signal amplification. Furthermore, have identified key remaining challenge quantitative detection present new design results Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensor ratiometric quantification Zn2+ HeLa cells. By converting existing readout without compromising fundamental function DNAzymes, FRET-based readily applied major advance field develop much metal-ion probes systems.