Improving the robustness of societal exergy accounting : from primary energy to energy services

摘要: Results of useful exergy accounting at the societal (i.e. national or global) level are potentially important for policy purposes, such as development energy GHG emission scenarios, and determination major inefficiencies (and thus improvement potentials) within a country. However, studies commonly differ in their methodology, which affect results. Such differences include starting point (primary final energy), method used to compute primary exergy, classes categories considered, definition second law efficiencies, inclusion (or not) inputs related with non-energy uses, not muscle human) work. To help bring more consistent approach level, we review methodologies past studies, highlighting discussing advantages disadvantages each case. Based on this, select our preferred options, leading proposed common methodology that can be build international series exergy. (Less)