Chronic kidney disease in the United States: an underrecognized problem.

摘要: The continued growth of the population with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is partially related to underrecognition earlier stages chronic kidney (CKD) and risk factors for development CKD. There are several published estimates prevalence CKD in United States. From Third National Health Nutrition Examination Survey data it has been estimated that there 6.2 million individuals serum creatinine levels at or above 1.5 mg/dL, 8.3 decreased glomerular filtration rate ( 2 ). Estimates from a health maintenance organization study suggest 4.2 Americans persistently elevated levels. In addition high prevalence, studies have shown associated increased cardiovascular disease, hospitalizations, mortality. To promote detection CKD, Kidney Foundation Guidelines CKD: Evaluation, Classification Stratification, recommended screening such as patients diabetes, blood pressure, family history disease. Therapeutic interventions delay progression reduce comorbidity, more likely be effective if they implemented early course