Melanosome transfer, photoreception and toxicity assays in melanophores

摘要: Many animals such as fish and frogs have developed the ability to change colour of their skin adapt environment or signal other individuals. This is due specialised cells called melanophores. Melanophores contain thousands melanosomes, small membrane-enclosed organelles containing black brown pigment melanin. The melanosomes can aggregate cell centre rendering pale disperse throughout become dark. intracellular transport regulated by neuronal hormonal external stimuli. Fast achieved aggregation/dispersion but long-term also be melanosome transfer surrounding cells. An amphibian immortalized melanophore line was used from African claw frog, Xenopus laevis study co-cultured fibroblasts. Melanosome observed up hormone α-MSH . quantified using light-, fluorescence electron microscopy. A new powerful method for experiments developed. Fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals, qdots, were in combination with flow cytometry. qdots taken cultured melanophores, localised transferred a step towards enabling large scale analysis transfer. melanophores cultivated 96-well culture plates which allow quantification aggregation dispersion fast reproductive way. Glyphosate herbicides, i.e. Roundup, are commonly world, some toxic effects been found on amphibians vivo human mouse vitro. To learn more about potential cytoskeleton animal glyphosate, glyphosateisopropylamine isopropylamine tested spectrophotmetry microscopy microtubules actin filaments. All compounds inhibited affected morphology cytoskeleton. effect pH dependent. Amphibian directly light via melanopsin receptor. Photoreception early embryos zebrafish Danio rerio. Light induced contrast what at adults when causes signals CNS. At least one subclass detected retinal epithelial