Neuronal timescales are functionally dynamic and shaped by cortical microarchitecture

摘要: Complex cognitive functions such as working memory and decision-making require information maintenance over seconds to years, from transient sensory stimuli long-term contextual cues. While theoretical accounts predict the emergence of a corresponding hierarchy neuronal timescales, direct electrophysiological evidence across human cortex is lacking. Here, we infer timescales invasive intracranial recordings. Timescales increase along principal sensorimotor-to-association axis entire cortex, scale with single-unit within macaques. Cortex-wide transcriptomic analysis shows alignment between expression excitation- inhibition-related genes, well genes specific voltage-gated transmembrane ion transporters. Finally, are functionally dynamic: prefrontal expand during individual performance, while cortex-wide compress aging. Thus, follow cytoarchitectonic gradients relevant for cognition in both short long terms, bridging microcircuit physiology macroscale dynamics behavior.