Imprinting and paternal genome elimination in insects.

摘要: In many insects and other arthropods, males transmit only maternally inherited chromosomes (White 1973; Brown Chandra 1977; Nur 1980, 1990a,b,c; Bell 1982; Bull 1983; Lyon Rastan 1984; 1993; Wrensch Ebbert Brun et al. 1995; Borsa Kjellberg 1996). This remarkable genetic asymmetry can result from any of three principal systems paternal genome exclusion, each which has evolved several times. The most familiar widespread exclusion system is arrhenotoky, in fatherless develop unfertilized eggs therefore lack at all stages development. Most arrhenotokous are genetically haplodiploid, but a few based on modes inheritance (see 1990c; Suomalainen 1987). the two kinds systems, male’s paternally actively eliminated: begin life as seemingly conventional diploid zygotes then either (1) lose their during embryonic development, becoming true maternal haploids (embryonic elimination), or (2) exhibit dramatically non-Mendelian patterns meiosis spermiogenesis, such that mature sperm carry (germline elimination). To denote formal (transmission-genetic) similarity to haplodiploid germline elimination often characterized parahaplodiploid pseudoarrhenotokous.