Thermalization and ergodicity in one-dimensional many-body open quantum systems

摘要: Using an approach based on the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group method, we study thermalization in spin chains locally coupled to external bath. Our results provide evidence that quantum chaotic systems do thermalize, is, they exhibit relaxation invariant ergodic state which, bulk, is well approximated by grand canonical state. Moreover, resulting bulk does not depend details of baths. On other hand, for integrable found general depends bath and different from