Chemical structures, biosynthesis, bioactivities, biocatalysis and semisynthesis of tobacco cembranoids: An overview

摘要: Cembranoids, 14-membered carbocyclic diterpenes composed of four isoprene units, are mainly found in plants the Nicotiana and Pinus genera, as well soft coral other marine organisms. We summarise chemical structures eighty-seven naturally occurring tobacco cembranoids (1–52), nor-cembranoids (53–74), seco-cembranoids (75–82) cyclised (83–87) reported to date. The most prevalent (1S,2E,4S,7E,11E)-cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol (1) (1S,2E,4R,7E,11E)-cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol (2), which biosynthesised plastid from reactions geranylgeranyl diphosphate with cembrantrien-ol synthase cytochrome P450 hydroxylase via 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate metabolic pathway. accumulation is affected by genetic environmental factors, including fertiliser, water light exposure, soil-type temperature. Tobacco-derived known display antifungal, antibacterial, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-tumour neuroprotective properties. A large number biologically active (primarily anti-invasive, anti-proliferative, anti-migratory neuroprotective) compounds have been prepared semisynthesis cembranoids, many biocatalytic methods. documented bioactivities make them excellent templates for future development drugs treat cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s stroke neurodegenerative diseases. These findings indicated that although has long associated negative effects on human health, it may ultimately be able play a therapeutic role.