Estimating policy values for in-vehicle comfort and crowding reduction in local public transport☆

摘要: Abstract This study estimates policy values for comfort, defined as getting a seat, and crowding reduction on board local public transport in Sweden. We use stated-preference (SP) data present mode-neutral level among the standing travelers depicted images presented to respondents. analyze whether there are differences willingness pay (WTP) comfort three largest urban areas In general, we find no significantly different preferences sitting areas. Still, point differ some cases, indicating that may be across areas, but have large confidence intervals overlap each other. Also, these likely resulted from mode-share not Some significant found modes, example, higher disutility of bus versus tram. These mode-specific can used given tram line or metro line. Nevertheless, also pooled suggesting average WTP reductions national cost–benefit analysis all Sweden where occurs. Importantly, heterogeneity SP-design shows results with empirical knowledge value travel time savings.